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Яблоки, упавшие с дерева на землю, называются падалицей. Чаще всего дачники вывозят такие плоды с участка и выбрасывают. Однако не стоит спешить избавляться от падалицы, ведь она еще может вам пригодиться для приготовления заготовок и садовых работ. В статье мы расскажем о том, как с пользой использовать опавшие яблоки.
Домашние заготовки
Из падалицы можно сделать домашние заготовки: варенье, джем, компоты, пастилу. Но с этой целью можно использовать только те яблоки, которые упали в результате созревания или были сбиты ветром. Такие плоды нельзя долго держать на земле. Их нужно собрать как можно скорее и сразу переработать. При долгом контакте с почвой яблоки могут столкнуться с бактериями и грибками, которые вызывают гниль.
Гнилые плоды не подходят для домашних заготовок. Но их можно добавлять в компост, а также использовать для утепления грядок и подготовки почвы к выращиванию тыквенных культур.
Компост
Яблоки относятся к органике. Поэтому их можно использовать для приготовления компоста. Но в этом случае компостирование не должно быть открытым. Иначе падалица приманит насекомых и может стать источником бактерий и грибков.
В течение 2-3 дней собирайте падалицу. Положите яблоки в компостную яму, постелите поверх слой сухой травы толщиной 10-20 см и засыпьте землей.
Помните, что падалицу можно сочетать только с сухой травой. В компостную яму с яблоками нельзя добавлять свежую органику.
Яблоки содержат фруктовые кислоты. Поэтому компост может получиться слишком кислым. Чтобы раскислить удобрение, добавьте древесную золу, известь или доломитовую муку.
Утеплять грядки
Опавшие яблоки помогут вам утеплить грядки для выращивания весенних культур. Выкопайте на месте будущей посадки растений траншею. Ее глубина должна составлять 30-50 см. Выложите в яму падалицу, а затем добавьте средство для раскисления. Застелите слой яблок сухой травой и присыпьте землей.
Чтобы компост быстрее "созрел", периодически поливайте почву над ним. Вы можете также использовать специальные препараты, которые ускоряют разложение органики. Эти средства также помогут предотвратить размножение вредных микроорганизмов.
Подготовка грунта для тыквенных культур
Опавшие яблоки помогут вам подготовить почву для выращивания тыквенных культур: кабачков, патиссонов, тыквы и т. д. Для этого вам нужно вырыть большую яму на месте будущих посадок. Заложите ее слоями яблок, раскислителя, сухой травы и почвы.
На следующий год почва будет готова к выращиванию тыквенных культур. Яблочный компост создаст благоприятные условия для таких растений и обеспечит хороший урожай.
Заключение
Опавшие яблоки не стоит оставлять под деревьями. Они могут стать источником вредных насекомых, которые будут возвращаться на дерево и наносить вред новым плодам. Поэтому падалицу нужно систематически убирать и использовать для приготовления компоста.
Не стоит опасаться, что компост из гнилых яблок станет источником патогенной микрофлоры и вредителей. В процессе "созревания" удобрения возбудители болезней и вредные личинки погибают. Падалица насытит почву питательными веществами и не нанесет никакого вреда растениям.